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Sexual Reproduction is different from Asexual Reproduction. 2 different sexes are having sexual intercourse in sexual reproduction. 1 person is reproducing in asexual reproduction. In sexual reproduction, both the dad and the mom give 23 chromosomes each to the child. In asexual reproduction, all of the chromosomes go to the child. There is less genetic variation in asexual reproduction which makes it hard to adapt to the surroundings. 

 
     We finished our frog dissection last week on Friday. We started our dissection on Wednesday. On Wednesday we broke the jaw and we looked and studied the mouth. On Thursday we opened up the frog's chest. On Friday we took out the organs of the frog. I personally did not like the dissection all that much. I have science 8th period so when I walk; I smell 5 dissections in that room. The stench is terrible! Also, I am a vegetarian so the stench was very disgusting to me since I do not eat meat. I wish we had two gloves instead of one glove. Mr. Kirste was giving out two gloves to all the students. When he got to our period, he was low on gloves and we had to use one glove instead of two. We then had to touch the frog. I felt very sad for the frog during the dissection because these frogs were once alive to, and they were killed against their will so some middle schoolers will learn about frogs.


     I don't see the importance of having to dissect a frog. How will dissecting a frog help us become better mathematicians? It won't help us. The only possible way it could help is if you become a surgeon when you get older. I don't see any other benefits. Also, the frog population is decreasing exponentially. Killing some frogs so they could be used in science classrooms is not helping us save frogs. In fact, it goes against helping and saving the environment.
 
     There was only one Radiated Tortoise at the Fresno Chaffee Zoo. It was the first exhibit we saw when we got to the zoo. When we saw the Radiated Tortoise, it wasn't doing anything. Our Radiated Tortoise's shell didn't look like most of the pictures we saw, some of them were similar. The Tortoise seemed like it was old. The leopard tortoise looked more like our Radiated Tortoise, but there were some differences. We saw the giant tortoises at the zoo, they were actually moving, and they were very big, that explains where the got their names from. I wish there were more Radiated Tortoise. There were some animals that were abundant, and then there were some animals which there was none of them. Our tortoise does not like too much heat, and yet it spent most of its time in the Sun based on what we saw, but we only looked at our tortoise for about 4-5 minutes because we had to look at other animals to. Our research seemed accurate based on what we saw. The Radiated Tortoise also had a companion which was the Fennec Fox. 


     I really wish there were more tortoises at the zoo. There was also only one red footed tortoise, and they didn't even put that group's poster up. There were two African Spurred Tortoises. There were about 12 stingrays at the zoo. That is much more than 1-2 tortoises. There were like 30 flamingos at the zoo. There were only 2 Asian elephants. I wish there were more, and only one tiger! 
 
     Most amphibians lose their tails when they go through metamorphosis. The salamander is an amphibian which does not lose its tail. Frogs and toads are examples of amphibians which do lose their tail. Amphibians means double life and, double life means that most amphibians spend their early life in water. When they are adults, they spend their adult life on land. Before amphibians become adults, they go through metamorphosis. When going through metamorphosis, their body changes. Their lungs, circulatory system, and their digestive system all change. There skeletons become stronger to support the pull of gravity.


     Most amphibians lose their tails when they go through metamorphosis. A counterexample would be the salamander is an amphibian which does not lose its tail. Frogs and toads are examples of amphibians which do lose their tail. 
 
      Light first comes in contact with the cornea. The light we see is coming in from the pupil. That means that the light passes through the pupil after passing the cornea. The light then is refracted by the lens. The refracted light shines on the back of the retina. An upside down image is formed on the retina. The optic nerve then reverses the image which makes it right side up and sends the images to the brain. 

       This path is very simple it is: cornea, pupil, lens, retina, optic nerve, and finally the brain. This is all there is to it. Also, the cornea refracts light as well. The iris around the pupil gives us what we call the color of the eye. Certain animals also have a moonshine. This helps certain animals see in the dark. The light shines on the back of the retina, some of the light shines back and out the pupil helping certain animals see in the dark.
 
     How do rainbows form? This is a good question. The raindrops act as little prisms. Prisms refract light into ROYGBIV. The rainbow is made up of ROYGBIV. The raindrops refract light which creates rainbows. This is not an overly complex process. When it rains, the raindrops refract the white light, and a rainbow is created. ROYGBIV is red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. Red has long wavelengths, and low frequency. Violet has shorter wavelengths with higher frequency. As you move left to right in ROYGBIV, the wavelengths decrease, and the frequency increases. If you move from right to left the wavelength increases, and the frequency decreases. 

      Rainbows can also form if you pass white light through an actual prism. The prism than refracts the light which creates ROYGBIV. Red has longer wavelengths, and lower frequency. On the other hand, violet has shorter wavelengths, but higher frequency. This is how rainbows form.
 
     Why are temperate plants found in Antarctica? Temperate plants are found in Antarctica because Antarctica was once in a temperate place where it received much more heat than it does now. This is due to continental plate tectonics. Antarctica had a divergent boundary which made Antarctica move away from other plates. If it was a transform boundary; it would create earthquakes, and if it was a convergent boundary; there would be mountains which have formed. Antarctica was once very warm, and it was warm enough for plants to grow.

     Now it is very cold, and at this rate, it will melt very soon. This will have a negative impact because water levels will rise and certain coastal cities (such as San Francisco) will be below sea level. This is only one city. There are many cities in the world that will be below the water. Japan may be under water as well. Also, only 3% of our water is fresh water. Of this 3%, only 15% is accessible. The other 85% of the 3% is in glaciers. At this rate. The earth will most likely enter into a water world, and humans will either adapt and be able to live, or humans will go extinct.
 
      There is not a lot of information on the Radiated Tortoise. There is only a maximum of 10 years of research done on the Radiated Tortoise. The websites that may possibly contain information on the Radiated Tortoise are blocked, and there is not a lot of information. This is very hard since I need to find adaptations. If there is a maximum of 10 years of research. I am sure there is a lot of less information on adaptations. 


      The other 3 kids in my group have it pretty easy. The kid that sits next to me got 9 of 10. The girl across from had the easiest, and she got 12 for 12. Since this is a group project, they brought me up from a F to a C. But really, some of the other kids have animals that are really simple such as a goat or a catfish. I don't think this is fair, there should have been a raffle for each of the groups. The group next to us just talks and talks and they got 46 out of 45. We did not talk and waste our time, and we got 29/42. 
 
     We have not yet determined which Kleenex Project we will do. What I want to do my project on is how absorbent a Kleenex Tissue, how many sneezes it can withstand, and how much mucus comes out in one sneeze. We can then determine how much mucus comes out in one sneeze, then we can see how many sneezes a tissue can withstand, and how absorbent it is. If Kleenex was to advertise there product, they can say that there tissues are good for a number of sneezes, and they can say that there tissue can hold possibly 10 ounces of mucus. I'm not sure if these numbers are accurate, but I hope you can understand what I am trying to say.
 
      Antarctica used to be close to the equator, and life would be abundant. As Antarctica drifted away to the location it is today; plants died, and most of them were destroyed, but some of them fossilized. The plants scientist have found are plants that grow in temperate regions. This helps support that Pangaea existed, it also supports continental drift since it was able to drift away to the location it is today, and it helps support the theory "plate tectonics".  


     It took Antartica about 265 million years from somewhere close to the equator where it was warm to where it is today and freezing. Now Antarctica is melting and over time Antarctica will eventually be located in a temperate region close to the equator.